About snakeDB
This project collects referenced data about snakes. The database covers the taxonomy, morphology and toxicity of snakes. Aggregated data pages like the maximum size of snake species display selected data records in a table. You can filter tables according to your own criteria. References – like the size reference – contain the unfiltered source data records. This allows you to check the validity of each data record and see it in a context. It is also possible to download every table in different formats (CSV, Excel, PDF, Print). If you need specific data records for a research project, please contact me!
About me
My name is Sascha Steinhoff, I work in the information technology sector and have always been interested in snakes. I started snakeDB after I accidentally stepped into a snake in South-East Asia. The snake did not bite but I got hooked on herpetology. Please get in touch if you spot errors or have ideas for improvement. Contributions of structured data are also appreciated!
Pupil Shapes
There is a great variety of pupil shapes in snake species, on genus level and on family level. However, the correct assignment of pupil shapes is not a trivial task. Pupils may change their shape dramatically during dilation. It is recommendable to observe the pupil during all stages of dilation from fully closed to fully opened. Please have a look at the latest pupil classification for details.
Snake Fangs
The dentition of a snake provides a good indication about its nutrition and possible toxicity. Venomous snake species usually have distinct fangs, located either in the front or the rear of the mouth. It does not matter, if a fang of a venomous snake is hollow, carved or solid. Serious evenomations in human bite victims have been reported for all variants.
Citations
You may cite this project as: 'STEINHOFF S., snakeDB.org – accessed 2024-10-05'
snakeDB.org and its predecessor snakedatabase.org have been cited in following publications:
A. Computational Science
- ReptTraits: a comprehensive dataset of ecological traits in reptiles (OSKYRKO ET AL 2024)
- Application of MySQL database in hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform of liquid-propellant rocket engine (SHI ET AL 2022)
- Pengolahan Data Spasial-Geolocation Untuk Menghitung Jarak 2 Titik (HAJAR ET AL 2021)
- Evaluation of MySQL 8.0 Spatial Data Features: Procedural Methods for the Implementation of Species Range Maps in the Web-based Zoological Database snakeDB.org (STEINHOFF 2019)
- A Procedural Model for Snake Skin Texture Generation (PINHEIRO 2017)
B. Herpetology Papers
2024- Immunochemical Recognition of Bothrops rhombeatus Venom by Two Polyvalent Antivenoms (SARMIENTO ET AL, 2024)
- Characteristics of Children affected by Snake Bite and Snake Envenomation in ABS Hospital, Yemen (DE BARTHOLOME ET AL 2024)
- Peripheral Nerve Block to Treat Pain Caused by Daboia palaestinae Envenomation (NACHSHON ET AL 2024)
- Snake Venomics Display: An online toolbox for visualization of snake venomics data (DAM ET AL 2018)
- Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) feeding on snakes (Reptilia: Squamata) (NYFFELER, GIBBONS 2021)
- Terrestrial venomous animals, the envenomings they cause, and treatment perspectives in the Middle East and North Africa ( JENKINS ET AL 2021)
- Antivenomics and in vivo preclinical efficacy of six Latin American antivenoms towards south-western Colombian Bothrops asper lineage venoms (MORA-OBANDO ET AL 2021)
- Venomics and antivenomics of the poorly studied Brazil’s lancehead, Bothrops brazili (Hoge, 1954), from the Brazilian State of Pará (SANZ ET AL 2020)
- ICP-MS characterization of seven North American snake venoms (LEMON ET AL 2020)
- Terrestrial venomous snakes and snakebites in the Arab countries of the Middle East (AMR ET AL 2020)
- Interspecific and intraspecific venom enzymatic variation among cobras (Naja sp. and Ophiophagus hannah) (MODAHL ET AL 2020)
- Neutralization of the lethality of the venom of Dendroaspis polylepis (black mamba) in mice by two polyvalent antivenoms used in Kenyan hospitals: Results of a 2009–2011 study (OCHOLA ET AL, 2019)
- A confirmed bite by a Beautiful Pit Viper (Trimeresurus venustus) resulting inlocal symptoms (FUCHS, BESSIRE, WEILER 2019)
- Human Attitude toward Reptiles: A Relationship between Fear, Disgust, and Aesthetic Preferences (JANOVCOVÁ ET AL 2019) 🦄
- Defining the pathogenic threat of envenoming by South African shield-nosed and coral snakes (genus Aspidelaps), and revealing the likely efficacy of available antivenom (WHITELEY ET AL 2019)
- Phylovenomics of Daboia russelii across the Indian subcontinent. Bioactivities and comparative in vivo neutralization and in vitro third-generation antivenomics of antivenoms against venoms from India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka (PLA ET AL 2019)
- Translational Venomics: Third-Generation Antivenomics of Anti-Siamese Russell’s Viper, Daboia siamensis, Antivenom Manufactured in Taiwan CDC’s Vaccine Center (SANZ ET AL 2018)
- Clinical Toxinology in Australia, Europe, and Americas (GOPALAKRISHNAKONE ET AL 2018)
- Venom lethal dose studies: An alice in wonderland excursion where LD Lo can be highest, and lethal dose range covers 2-4.2 orders of magnitude (HANLEY 2018) 🦋
- Association between fear and beauty evaluation of snakes: Cross-cultural findings (LANDOVÁ ET AL 2018) 🦄
- Delayed LY333013 (Oral) and LY315920 (Intravenous) Reverse Severe Neurotoxicity and Rescue Juvenile Pigs from Lethal Doses of Micrurus fulvius (Eastern Coral Snake) Venom (LEWIN ET AL 2018)
- Exploring the venom of the forest cobra snake: Toxicovenomics and antivenom profiling of Naja melanoleuca (LAURIDSEN ET AL 2017)
- Multidimensional Information Visualization on Snakes Characteristics (PINHEIRO, 2017)
- Lethal, Hemorrhagic, and Necrotic Effects of Montivipera bornmuelleri Venom (ABI-RIZK ET AL 2017)
- Toxicovenomics and antivenom profiling of the Eastern green mamba snake (Dendroaspis angusticeps) (LAURIDSEN ET AL 2016)
- From Fangs to Pharmacology: The Future of Snakebite Envenoming Therapy (LAUSTSEN ET AL 2016)
- Cross neutralization of coral snake venoms by commercial Australian snake antivenoms (RAMOS ET AL 2016)
- Selecting key toxins for focused development of elapid snake antivenoms and inhibitors guided by a Toxicity Score (LAUSTSEN ET AL 2015)
- Unveiling the nature of black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) venom through venomics and antivenom immunoprofiling: Identification of key toxin targets for antivenom development (LAUSTSEN ET AL 2015)
- Snake venomics of monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) and investigation of human IgG response against venom toxins (LAUSTSEN ET AL 2015)
C. Scientific Websites
If you know more citations, please send me a mail and ideally also the paper.