This book is the first study exclusively dedicated to critical analysis of the medical risks of non-front-fanged colubroid snakes. By providing a comprehensive review of this entire assemblage of snakes, with particular attention given to their capac-ity, real or rumored, to cause harm to humans, the book seeks to fill a palpable gap in the toxino logical, medical, and herpetological literature. The oral glands and their secretions/venoms, as well as associated delivery apparatuses, are considered in relation to available clinical, toxinological, and herpetological information. A patient-centered, evidence-based approach is applied to analyzing documented case reports of bites inflicted by approximately 100 species. This analysis identifies some of these species whose medical importance has been incorrectly exaggerated or underestimated, and assigns evidence levels to the quality of published case reports. Clinical management of medically significant bites from non-front-fanged colubroids is methodically reviewed, and specific recommendations are provided. Special attention is given to the assessment of controversial treatments (e.g., provision of blood and blood products) and contrain-dicated treatments (e.g., heparin) as well as the approach to the patient with venom-induced acute kidney injury.